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Ficus Leaf Rolling Psyllid

 

Trioza brevigenae Mathur -- Hemiptera:  Triozidae

 

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       This psyllid was first found in southern California in April, 2016.  Adults average about 2.7 mm in length and have a greenish-brown body.  Females are a bit larger than males.  Adults raise the abdomen at a 45 degree angle on leaf surfaces.  The abdomen also wiggles continuously.  The nymphs have 5 instars and occur in shallow pits on the leaf but later they move about and assume the adult coloration.  Late stage nymphs possess a long waxy filament at the head and rear portions of the body.

 

       These psyllids attack Ficus microcarpa trees, causing leaves to roll into tight cylinders.  The cylinders then provide protection for the nymphs.  Infested leaves remain green but dry up.  This reduces photosynthesis and progress to defoliation.

 

       Dr. Donald Hodel reports that Ficus microcarpa plants are a valuable component of the nursery industry.  However, Trioza brevigenae has already established a widespread distribution in Southern California but there have been no reports of economic impacts.  Probably existing cultures for other Ficus microcarpa pests limit impacts from this new invader.

 

REFERENCES:                                                                                                  FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES

 

Aubert, B. & S. Quilici.  1983.  Nouvel quilibre biologique observ la Reunion sur les populations de psyllids l'introduction et l'establissement d'hymenoptäres chalcidiens.  Fruits 38:  771-80.

 

Burckhardt, D. & Ouvrard, D.  2012.  A revised classification of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea).  Zootaxa 3509:  1-34.

 

Chiu, S. C., K. C. Lo., C. C. Chien, C. C. Chen & C. F. Chen.  1985.  A review of the biological of crop pests in Taiwan (1981-1984).   Spec. Publ. No. 19, Taiwan Agr. Res. Inst.  p. 1-8.

 

Dara, S. K. &  D. R. Hodel.  2015.  Weeping fig thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) in California and a review of its biology and management options.  Journal of Integrated Pest Mnngagement. 6 (2):  10.1093.

 

Hodkinson, I. D.  1986.  The psyllids (Homoptera: Psylloidea) of the Oriental Zoogeographical Region: an annotated check-list.  Journal of Natural Hstory 20:  299-357.

 

Hodel, D. R., G. Arakelian,  L. M.  Ohara,  C. Wilen  & S. K. Dara.  2016.  The ficus leaf-rolling psyllid: a new pest of Ficus microcarpa.   Palm Arbor 2:  1-9.

 

Kennett, C. E.,  J. A. McMurtry  &  J. W. Beardsley.  1999.  Biological control in subtropical and tropical crops.  In:  Bellows, T. S. & T. W. Fisher (eds.),  Handbook of Biological Control:  Principles and Applications.  Academic Press, San Diego, New York.  1046 p.

 

Yang, M. M.  &  A. Raman.  2007.  Diversity, richness, and patterns of radiation among gall-inducing psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) in the orient and Eastern Palearctic.   Oriental Insects 41:  55-65.

 

 

FURTHER RELATED REFERENCES:

 

Chiappini, E., S. V. Triapitzin & A. Donev.  1996.  Key to the Holarctic species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with a review of the Nearctic and Palaearctic (other than European) species and descriptions of new taxa.  Journal of Natural History 30:  551-595.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1995a.  The identities of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoid of the grape and blackberry leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in California.  Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4):  250-251.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1995b.  A review of the Australian species of Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae).  Russian Entomological Journal 4 (1-4):  105-108.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1997.  The genus Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of the United States: a review.  Ceiba (Zamorano, Honduras) 38 (1):  1-12.

 

Triapitzin, S. V.  1998.  Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg parasitoids of Erythroneura spp. and other leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North American vineyards and orchards: a taxonomic review.  Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 124 (2):  77-112.

 

Triapitzin, S. V., R. F. Mizell,  J. L. Bossart & C. E. Carlton.  1998.  Egg parasitoids of Homalodisca coagulata (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).  Florida Entomologist 81 (2):  241-243.

 

Triapitzin, S. V. & D. Strong.  1995.  A new Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Prokelisia spp. (Homoptera: Delphacidae).  Pan-Pacific Entomol. 71 (4):  199-203.

 

Walker, G. P., N. Zareh, I. M. Bayoun  &  S. V. Triapitzin.  1997.  Introduction of western Asian egg parasitoids into California for biological control of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus.  Pan-Pacific Entomologist 73 (4):  236-242.